چکیده:
يهدف البحث إلى توضيح ظاهرة النزوح كمشكلة لها تداعيات سلبية من خلال التعرف على عدد أسر محافظة الانبار النازحة داخل العراق و اهم وجهات النزوح في محافظة الانبار و خارجها و اهم المشاكل التي تعاني منها، وتتمثل أهمية البحث في توضيح الطابع الجغرافي لظاهرة النزوح كأزمة سكانية يمر بها العراق عامة ومحافظة الانبار خاصة ، تم الاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي في دراسة ظاهرة النزوح من خلال عدد ونسب الأسر النازحة لسكان محافظة الانبار للمدة (2014-2017) وبيان توزيعها الجغرافي على محافظات العراق ، كما تم الاعتماد على نتائج الدراسة الميدانية باستخدام استمارة استبيان في توضيح المشاكل التي عانت منها الأسر النازحة.
The research aims at clarifying the phenomenon of displacement as a
problem that has negative consequences through identifying the number of
families of Al-Anbar Governorate displaced inside Iraq and the most important
directions of displacement inside Al-Anbar Governorate and outside it, and the
most important problems that they suffer from. The importance of the research
comes in clarifying the geographical nature of the phenomenon of displacement as
a population crisis that Iraq encounter it in general and Al-Anbar governorate in
particular. The analytical descriptive approach has been relied on in studying the
phenomenon of displacement through the number and ratios of displaced families
to the population of Al-Anbar governorate as a whole during the period (2014-
2017) and showing its geographical distribution in the governorates of Iraq. The
results of the field study have been relied on through using a questionnaire form in
clarifying the problems that the displaced families suffer from.The current
research has arrived at a number of results, the most important of them are:
•The total number of the displaced families of Al-Anbar governorate reached
to (273356) families in the period (2014-2017), however, the number in 2014
reached to (200994), (73.5%) which is the highest percentage in compared with
the percentages of the following years, while the lowest percentage was in 2017,
where the number of displaced is (2054), (0.8%) of the total families of Al-Anbar
governorate.
•The highest number of the displaced families was for the families which
were displaced inside Al-Anbar governorate, i.e. from the areas of the military
conflict to safer areas and did not cross the borders of the province with a large
percentage that reached to (52.4%) of the total families displaced in the period
(2014-2017).
•The displaced families of Al-Anbar governorate faced many problems,
including security problems, where the victims of murder accounted for (12.7%)
of the size of the surveyed sample, while the percentage of arrested people was
(29.5%), and the missing people, whose fate was not known, was the highest
percentage (57.8%).
•The displaced families of Al-Anbar governorate suffered from social
problems that were represented by poor social adaptation in the hosting areas
(48%) of the sample size. The economic problems represented by material
suffering are the most suffering economic problems by families in Al-Anbar
governorate during displacement, at a high rate of (54%).
•The high percentage of the unemployed in the displaced families after the
displacement compared to the percentage before the displacement, increased from
(27%) to (85%), with a decrease in the level of monthly income of (74%) of the
families surveyed after displacement to which reach to (less than 250) thousands
Iraqi dinars, and it does not meet their needs. As for the families whose monthly
income was (750 - and more) thousand Iraqi dinars, it was (1%) only.