چکیده:
The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and narcissism with psychosocial adaptation in elite and non-elite athletes. A total of 200 elite and non-elite athletes (20-30 years old) who participated in the tournament of 2020 in Tabriz were randomly selected and completed the questionnaire of Sport Perfectionism - 2nd Dun et al. (2009 and 2010), Ruskin and Terry narcissism and Bell Social Adaptation Inventory. To analyze the results, Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analysis were used. The results showed that in elite athletes group, there was a positive correlation between positive perfectionism (organizational and personal criteria) and psychological social adjustment, and between negative perfectionism (doubts about actions, perceived pressure of parents and perceived pressure of instructor) and narcissism with negative psychological social adjustment and both positive and negative perfectionism and narcissism variables could significantly predict social adjustment in elite athletes (P <0.05). In non-elite group between positive components of perfectionism, only the organizational component has a negative correlation with psychological social adjustment and the correlation between negative and narcissistic perfectionism components with positive social adjustment is positive. Among the components of perfectionism, the only negative components (too much importance by mistake, parental perception and perceived stress of the mentor) and the narcissistic variable have been able positively to predict psychosocial compatibility (P <0.05). Psychological social adjustment in athletes is one of the key variables in the professional and personal life of athletes, which is influenced by features such as perfectionism and narcissism.
ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﺧﻮدﺷﯿﻔﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ رواﻧﯽ در ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﺨﺒﻪ و ﻏﯿﺮ ﻧﺨﺒﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ اﻣﺎری ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﺨﺒﻪ و ﻏﯿﺮﻧﺨﺒﻪ (ﺷﻬﺮ ﺗﺒﺮﯾﺰ ﺑﺎ داﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﻨﯽ 19-30 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎل 1396 در ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺎت ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد 200 ورزﺷﮑﺎر) ﻧﺨﺒﻪ و ﻏﯿﺮﻧﺨﺒﻪ (ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﺎده اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ورزﺷﯽ - 2 دان و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران) 2009 و 2010 (، ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﯿﻔﺘﮕﯽ راﺳﮑﯿﻦ و ﺗﺮی و ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻞ را ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. در اﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﺣﺬف ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎی ﻧﺎﻗﺺ از ﮔﺮوه ﻧﺨﺒﻪ 92 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ و از ﮔﺮوه ﻏﯿﺮﻧﺨﺒﻪ 95 ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﻤﻊاوری ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﮔﺮوه ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﺨﺒﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ) ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ و ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎی ﺷﺨﺼﯽ (ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ رواﻧﯽ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﺑﯿﻦ ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ) ﺷﮏ و ﺗﺮدﯾﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﻋﻤﺎل، ادراک ﻓﺸﺎر واﻟﺪﯾﻦ و ادراک ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺮﺑﯽ (و ﺧﻮدﺷﯿﻔﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ رواﻧﯽ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽﺷﻮد و ﻫﺮ دو ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و ﺧﻮدﺷﯿﻔﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎداری ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ رواﻧﯽ در ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻧﺨﺒﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ (0/05 <P). در ﮔﺮوه ﻏﯿﺮﻧﺨﺒﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﯽ دارای ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ رواﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و ﺧﻮدﺷﯿﻔﺘﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ رواﻧﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮن در ﮔﺮوه ﻏﯿﺮﻧﺨﺒﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ از ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﻔﯽ) اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺶ از اﻧﺪازه ﺑﻪ اﺷﺘﺒﺎه، ادراک ﻓﺸﺎر واﻟﺪﯾﻦ و ادراک ﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﺮﺑﯽ (و ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺧﻮدﺷﯿﻔﺘﮕﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺜﺒﺘﯽ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ رواﻧﯽ را ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ (0/05 <P). ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎی ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎری اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ رواﻧﯽ در ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎی ﮐﻠﯿﺪی در زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺣﺮﻓﻪای و ﺷﺨﺼﯽ ورزﺷﮑﺎران ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﺖﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎی ﭼﻮن ﮐﻤﺎلﮔﺮاﯾﯽ و ﺧﻮدﺷﯿﻔﺘﮕﯽ اﺳﺖ.