چکیده:
ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ روش ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ای و از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻓﯿﺶ ﺑﺮدرای ﺑﻪ دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪات ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺟﺮاﺋﻢ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدی ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﺟﺮم اﻧﮕﺎری اﻓﺴﺎد ﻓﯽ اﻻرض را ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ای ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت از روﯾﻪ ﺣﻘﻮق ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﯽ ﻧﮕﺮﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ادﻟﻪ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ و دﯾﺪﮔﺎهﻫﺎی ﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﺟﺮم اﻓﺴﺎد ﻓﯽ اﻻرض ﻧﺎﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﻪﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ. زﯾﺮا ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﻣﺤﺎرﺑﺎن و ﻣﻔﺴﺪان ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺣﮑﻢ ﯾﮑﺴﺎناﻧﺪ، ﻟﮑﻦ ﻣﺤﺎرب ﻫﻤﺎن ﻣﻔﺴﺪی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻘﺎم ﻧﻈﺮ و ﺗﺌﻮری ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺖ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ و ﻣﻔﺴﺪ ﻓﯽ اﻻرض ﻫﻤﺎن ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺷﺪﯾﺪی اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﯿﺪان ﻋﻤﻞ، ﻧﺎﺳﺎزﮔﺎری ﺧﻮد را ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺑﺮوز ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ. ﻇﻬﻮر آﯾﻪ ﻣﺤﺎرﺑﻪ و ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ادﺑﯽ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ اﻗﺘﻀﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺠﺎزات ﻫﺮ دو ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭼﻮن ﻣﺤﺎرﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺪا در ﻣﻌﻨﺎی ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺎل اﺳﺖ و ﻣﺤﺎرﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ رﺳﻮل ﺧﺪا)ص( ﻫﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﭘﺲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎی آﯾﻪ از ﺑﺎب دﻻﻟﺖ اﻗﺘﻀﺎ اﯾﺠﺎب ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ در ﺻﺪر آﯾﻪ و »ﯾﺴﻌﻮن ﻓﯽ اﻻرض» از ﺑﺎب ﻋﻄﻒ ﺑﻪ »ﯾﺤﺎرﺑﻮن«، آن ﻫﻢ ﺑﺪون ذﮐﺮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮل، ﺟﺎی ﻫﯿﭻ ﺷﮑﯽ را ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻧﻤﯽﮔﺬارد ﮐﻪ اﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ، در آﯾﻪ دو ﭼﯿﺰ )ﯾﺤﺎرﺑﻮن و ﯾﻔﺴﺪون( ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎً ﺣﮑﻢ آن دو ﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس روﯾﻪ ﻗﺎﻧﻮنﮔﺬار ﮐﯿﻔﺮی اﯾﺮان در ﺳﺎل 1392 ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺎرﺑﻪ و اﻓﺴﺎد ﻓﯽ اﻻرض را دو ﺟﺮم ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺗﻠﻘﯽ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﻧﺘﻘﺎد و ﺧﻼف ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺎﻃﻊ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ اﺳﺖ.
the present study examined the method of library studies and through the classification of related documents and then studied the independent variable analytical method, namely economic crimes. the results show that the juridical bases of criminalization view Corruption on earth in a different way than the positive law. according to islamic arguments and islamic jurists views, the crime of Corruption on earth is . for it is based on the analysis of and in terms of the same verdict, but it is the same as that which is contrary to the theory and the theory of strong opposition, and theCorruption on earth is the contrary to the extreme opposition that arises due to action in the field of action. the emergence of a war of war and of certain literary rules requires that the punishment of both titles be one. For it is impossible to fight God in the sense that it is impossible, and that the war against the Prophet of God (PBUH)is out of the question. the meaning of verse, which implies that it is on the top of the verse and "Corruption on earth from the point of reference to", which, without mentioning it, leaves no