چکیده:
افزایش پراکندگی و نابرابری دستمزدها، چالش های زیادی را در بسیاری از کشورها ایجاد کرده است. در دهه گذشته بحث های متعددی از سوی اقتصاددانان و سیاست گذاران کشور در مورد نقش جهانی شدن صورت گرفته است. افزایش قراردادهای تجاری (PTAs) ساختار کشورهای در حال توسعه را تغییر می دهد. این مقاله تاثیر آزادسازی تجاری را بر بازار کار با تمرکز براضافه ارزش مهارت ارزیابی میکند. این مقاله یک مدل رقابت انحصاری با دو عامل تولید که با توجه به سطح مهارت آنها به ماهر و غیر ماهر تفسیم می شود، توسعه می دهد این مقاله نشان می دهد که سطح تعرفه ها باعث افزایش متوسط شکاف دستمزد می شود. یافته های مطالعه نشان می دهد که کاهش 10 درصدی تعرفه ها با افزایش 16.1 درصدی اضافه ارزش مهارت ( نسبت دستمزد نیروی کار ماهر به غیرماهر)همراه است. همچنین همین میزان کاهش تعرفه ها به طور متوسط شکاف جنسیتی دستمزد را 26.8 درصد افزایش می دهد. این مطالعه نشان میدهد که آزادسازی تجاری، منافع بیشتری را در بازار کار به نیروی کار ماهر در مقایسه با نیروی کارغیرماهر احتصاص می دهد.
The increase in wage inequalities and disparities has been a source of tension in many countries. The last decade has seen several debates from economists and policymakers on the role of globalization. The surge of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) is reshaping the structure of developing countries. The paper assesses the impact of trade liberalization on the labour market by focusing on skill wage premiums. The paper tests these effects by developing a monopolistic competition model with two factors of production characterized by their skill levels (skilled and unskilled labour). The paper finds that tariff level reductions cause a moderate increase in the wage gap. Thus, our analysis shows that a 10% decrease in tariffs is accompanied by a 16.1 % increase in the skill premium. Also, the same level of tariff cut will on average increase the gender wage gap by 26.8%. The study implies that trade liberalization tends to benefit more workers in the skilled labour market compared to workers in the unskilled labour market. Finally, as the wage gap increases, policymakers need to support the unskilled labour market by giving them enough training to make them more competitive.The increase in wage inequalities and disparities has been a source of tension in many countries. The last decade has seen several debates from economists and policymakers on the role of globalization. The surge of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) is reshaping the structure of developing countries. The paper assesses the impact of trade liberalization on the labour market by focusing on skill wage premiums. The paper tests these effects by developing a monopolistic competition model with two factors of production characterized by their skill levels (skilled and unskilled labour). The paper finds that tariff level reductions cause a moderate increase in the wage gap. Thus, our analysis shows that a 10% decrease in tariffs is accompanied by a 16.1 % increase in the skill premium. Also, the same level of tariff cut will on average increase the gender wage gap by 26.8%. The study implies that trade liberalization tends to benefit more workers in the skilled labour market compared to workers in the unskilled labour market. Finally, as the wage gap increases, policymakers need to support the unskilled labour market by giving them enough training to make them more competitive.